This European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) report summarizes three years of research on vocational education and training (VET) in Europe since 1990, highlighting findings on VET content, delivery, assessment, and the relationship between initial and ongoing VET. It also includes a country-wise analysis, offering insights into VET’s evolution, trends, and potential convergence among European countries and systems. The research underscores the dynamic nature of VET development, with shifts and policy reversals over the years that can make it difficult to predict what the future of VET will look like. Nevertheless, the report aims to inspire further research and discussion on the field.